The science behind it: How bile acids affect body weight

The primary function of bile acids is to emulsify fats, meaning to break them down into tiny droplets, which facilitates their further breakdown and absorption, thereby supporting the entire digestive process. Modern research has also demonstrated that bile acids act as signalling molecules: they activate receptors (e.g. TGR5, FXR) that influence metabolism, the release of the GLP-1 hormone, blood sugar regulation, and energy expenditure.

1. The role of the satiety hormone (CCK)

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is one of the most important digestive hormones, which contributes to the feeling of fullness after eating and slows down digestion. It is produced by cells in the intestinal wall primarily in response to partially broken-down nutrients entering the intestine – especially fats and proteins – while the body regulates CCK levels through complex feedback mechanisms.

2. Eliminating "quality hunger"

It is a common paradox that the body can "starve" even while being overweight: if the digestive system – for example, due to bile or enzyme deficiency – cannot efficiently extract valuable nutrients and vitamins from food, the cells do not receive the "fuel" they need to function. As a result, the body demands more food intake, hoping that it will finally be able to utilise an adequate amount of energy and micronutrients, which can manifest as a constant feeling of hunger or an urge to snack.

Bile acids – together with digestive enzymes – help make the breakdown and absorption of fats and other nutrients more efficient, thereby reducing the risk of deficiency at the cellular level. If the body truly receives the necessary nutrients, it is less likely to signal a "hunger alarm" again shortly after.

3. Supporting metabolism (GLP-1 and TGR5)

Bile acids are capable of activating TGR5 receptors found in the intestinal system, which play a role in the release of the gut hormone called GLP-1. GLP-1 helps slow gastric emptying, contributes to stabilising blood sugar levels, and sends signals to the brain that can reduce appetite, thus according to some research, it may also play a role in body weight regulation.

How can bile acids help with your diet?

Bile acids are not conventional "weight loss supplements" that artificially suppress appetite. Instead, they target the root of the problem: by supporting digestion – especially fat digestion – they can contribute to restoring the body's natural balance and signalling system.

• Better fat digestion: They help ensure that fattier, heavier foods cause less bloating and discomfort, making digestion overall more comfortable.
• Natural feeling of fullness: By supporting digestion and the balanced functioning of gut hormones, they can contribute to the body recognising in time when it has had enough food, so often a smaller portion may be sufficient for feeling satisfied.
• More energetic everyday life: If nutrients are better utilised, the feeling of fatigue and tiredness after meals may decrease, which can make it easier to maintain a more active lifestyle with plenty of movement.

Successful weight loss thus does not begin with self-deprivation, but with enabling the body to process the food consumed as completely as possible and to operate its own signalling system effectively.